Journal Title: Health Sciences International Journal ISSN: 3026-5037 Publisher: Ananda Health and Education Foundation Frequency: Biannual - February & August Indexing: Google Scholar, ASCI, Garuda, Dimension, Index Copernicus International, Paperity Website: https://hsij.anandafound.com/journal Template Contact Email: chefound.id@gmail.com Brief Description: Health Sciences International Journal (HSIJ) is a biannual, open-access journal committed to publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed research in health and related sciences. Launched in 2023, HSIJ serves as a scholarly platform for disseminating innovations, methodologies, and scientific advancements across various health disciplines. Utilizing a double-blind peer-review process, the journal features original research, reviews, case reports, and short communications, ensuring scientific rigor and impact in every issue. We recommend that you review the About the Journal page for the journal's section policies and the Author Guidelines. Authors need to register; if you are already registered, you can log in. Days to first decission : 14 days Days to accept : 90 days Days to reject : 30 days
Health Sciences International Journal (HSIJ) © 2023 by Ananda Health and Education Foundation is licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Effectiveness of short video education on primigravida's knowledge of colostrum benefits at Puskesmas Kelayan Timur, Banjarmasin
Background: Suboptimal breastfeeding practices, often stemming from inadequate maternal knowledge and cultural misconceptions, contribute significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. This is particularly prevalent among primigravida women, who lack prior experience. In areas like Kelayan Timur, Banjarmasin, where early initiation of breastfeeding coverage is critically low (36.4%), innovative educational interventions are urgently needed. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a short video education intervention in improving knowledge about the benefits of colostrum among primigravida women. Method: A pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. A total of 15 primigravida women from Puskesmas Kelayan Timur were recruited via accidental sampling. Participants completed a validated 6-item knowledge questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha = 0.753), watched a 60-second educational video about colostrum benefits, and immediately retook the questionnaire. Knowledge was categorized as poor (<56%), sufficient (56-75%), or good (76-100%). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test due to non-normal data distribution. Results: The majority of participants were at low-risk age (20-35 years; 80.0%), had mid-low education (86.7%), and were unemployed (80.0%). Pretest results showed most respondents had insufficient knowledge (poor: 46.7%; sufficient: 33.3%; good: 20.0%). Post-test results revealed a significant improvement, with the majority achieving good knowledge (80.0%). The Wilcoxon test confirmed a statistically significant increase in knowledge scores (p-value = 0.004). Conclusion: A short video education intervention significantly improved knowledge about colostrum benefits among primigravida women. This accessible and standardized tool shows great potential for integration into routine antenatal care to bridge knowledge gaps, thereby supporting better breastfeeding practices and improved neonatal health outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anita sari Anita sari, Istiqamah, Zulliati, Meldawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Research classification: Principles and applications for health research
Background: Health research plays a crucial role in generating evidence that supports clinical practice, policy development, and public health interventions. The diversity of research types—ranging from descriptive to experimental studies—reflects the complexity of health problems and the need for appropriate methodological approaches. Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the classifications of health research, emphasizing their characteristics, purposes, strengths, and limitations, as well as factors that determine the choice of research design. Discussion: Health research can be classified based on purpose, design, approach, time, and population. Basic research contributes to fundamental scientific knowledge, while applied, evaluative, and developmental studies bridge theory with practical solutions. Quantitative approaches allow generalization of findings, qualitative approaches capture cultural and social meanings, and mixed methods integrate both dimensions to offer a holistic perspective. By design, studies can be descriptive, analytic observational, experimental, quasi-experimental, case studies, or action research, each serving specific contexts and questions. The choice of design is influenced by research questions, available resources, validity requirements, ethical considerations, and socio-cultural characteristics of the population. Conclusion: Understanding the diversity of health research designs is essential for producing reliable and relevant evidence. A careful selection of methods ensures that research not only contributes to scientific knowledge but also provides practical implications for improving health outcomes and informing policy decisions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bayu Hari Mukti, Dede Mahdiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of soybean extract on breast milk production adequacy among postpartum mothers
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding remains a global public health priority, yet its coverage in Indonesia has declined in recent years. In Central Kalimantan, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was only 55.78% in 2023, with some districts reporting even lower rates. One of the major barriers is inadequate breast milk production, which is often influenced by maternal physiology, psychological well-being, and nutritional status. Soybean extract, rich in isoflavones, proteins, and bioactive compounds, has been suggested as a natural galactagogue that stimulates prolactin and oxytocin release, thereby enhancing lactation. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of soybean extract in improving breast milk adequacy among postpartum mothers. Method: A pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was applied, involving 15 postpartum mothers (7–14 days after delivery) recruited through purposive sampling in the working area of Tumbang Talaken Health Center, Central Kalimantan. Participants consumed 220 ml of standardized soybean extract twice daily for seven consecutive days. Breast milk adequacy was assessed using a structured dichotomous questionnaire covering maternal (breast engorgement, milk leakage) and infant indicators (urination frequency, weight gain, sleep duration). Data were analyzed using McNemar’s test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Result: Prior to the intervention, only 4 mothers (26.7%) reported adequate milk production, while 11 (73.3%) experienced insufficiency. After seven days of soybean extract consumption, 13 mothers (86.7%) achieved adequate production, and only 2 (13.3%) remained insufficient. McNemar’s test confirmed a statistically significant improvement (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Soybean extract significantly improved breast milk adequacy among postpartum mothers. As an affordable, accessible, and culturally acceptable intervention, soybean extract shows promise as a nutritional strategy to address lactation challenges and support national goals for improving exclusive breastfeeding coverage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fharamita, novalia.widiya@gmail.com , Siti Noor Hasanah, ifriscila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Influence of education with video on Posyandu cadres knowledge about contraceptive implant
Background: The low uptake of Long-Term Contraceptive Methods, particularly implants, in Indonesia is often linked to limited community knowledge and prevalent misconceptions. Posyandu cadres, as frontline health promoters, play a pivotal role in providing counseling; however, their own knowledge levels are frequently inadequate, hindering effective family planning promotion. Objective: Determine the influence of education using video media on the knowledge of Posyandu cadres about contraceptive implants in the working area of the Jejangkit Community Health Center. Method: A quantitative pre-experimental study with a one-group pre-test-post-test design was conducted. A total of 30 cadres were selected via simple random sampling. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire administered before and after a single-session intervention featuring an educational video on contraceptive implants. The non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used for data analysis due to the non-normal distribution of the knowledge scores. Result: The study revealed a significant improvement in cadres' knowledge post-intervention. Prior to the video education, only 23.3% of cadres had good knowledge. Following the intervention, this proportion rose dramatically to 83.3%, with the remaining 16.7% achieving a sufficient level. No cadres remained in the poor knowledge category. Statistical analysis confirmed this improvement was highly significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Video-based education is a highly effective intervention for significantly enhancing the knowledge of Posyandu cadres regarding contraceptive implants. Integrating this media into regular training programs is recommended to empower cadres with accurate information, thereby improving community counseling and supporting national efforts to increase long-term contraceptive methods uptake.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rohma Suharniati, Laurensia Yunita, Frani Mariana, Elvine Ivana Kabuhung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Posyandu cadres roles and complete basic immunization coverage in Muara Teweh Community Health Center
Background: Complete basic immunization remains a critical public health intervention to reduce infant morbidity and mortality. In Indonesia, immunization coverage remains below the national target, especially in remote regions such as Muara Teweh, Central Kalimantan. Posyandu cadres—community health volunteers—are essential actors in promoting immunization at the grassroots level. However, the effectiveness of their roles has not been consistently evaluated. Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between the roles of Posyandu cadres—both during Posyandu sessions and outside regular activities—and the achievement of complete basic immunization coverage in Muara Teweh Comuunity Health Center. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted involving 32 Posyandu cadres in Kelurahan Pangkuh Raya. Total sampling was applied. Data were collected using a structured, validated questionnaire assessing cadre roles and immunization status, verified through Posyandu and Mother and Child Health records. Data analysis involved Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. Result: The findings revealed that 68.7% of infants had complete basic immunization. Most cadres (78.1%) were highly involved during Posyandu, and 87.5% were active outside it. However, statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between cadre roles during (p = 1.000) or outside (p = 0.465) Posyandu and immunization coverage. Conclusion: While cadre involvement was generally high, it did not significantly impact immunization outcomes. Future interventions should focus on improving cadre communication skills, addressing contextual barriers, and integrating supportive systems to enhance immunization effectiveness in remote settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayu Nathalia, Meldawati, Rabia Wahdah, Meldawati, Rabia Wahdah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Risk factors of thrombocytopenia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals, 2023 – 2024
Background: Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological finding during pregnancy, affecting approximately 7-12% of pregnancies globally. The prevalence of thrombocytopenia among pregnant women in Africa is around 10.23%. Specific data might be less readily available in Zimbabwe hence the present study Objective:This study aimed to determine the prevalence of thrombocytopenia and identify associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals(PGH) Method: The study used an analytical cross sectional design conducted at the PGH Haematology Laboratory. Using purposive sampling we enrolled all pregnant women over 18 years of age receiving ANC at PGH, from June 2023 to June 2024 at PGH. Chi square test was used to test association between thrombocytopenia and various risk factor P < 0.05 was set as statistically significant Results: A total of 380 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of thrombocytopenia was 18.7%. Pregnant women In their majority were located in urban high-density areas (45%) and were young (18–25 years: 31% of cases). With regard to the disease severity the severe thrombocytopenia peaked in the third trimester (55%), correlating with hypertensive disorders. Hypertension (OR=2.51, 95% CI=1.25–5.03, p=0.024) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA); OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.01–3.26, p=0.042) were significant predictors as well as age being lesser than 30 years old OR 0.27 CI (0.14-0.5), p=0.0001) but gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) showed no association (OR=0.96, p=0.939) Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia is a significant concern in pregnancy, particularly in early gestation, with mild cases dominating. IDA and high-density residency emerged as critical risk factors, while hematological biomarkers demonstrated predictive utility.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ronald Chamunorwa Chikwengo, Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Maibouge Tanko Mahamane Salissou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Birth history as a predictor of stunting incidence among toddlers
Background: Stunting remains a critical public health challenge in Indonesia, with a national prevalence of 21.6%, reflecting long-term nutritional deprivation and irreversible developmental impairments. Despite lower stunting rates (4.3%) at Pemurus Baru Community Health Center, local disparities persist, necessitating investigation into perinatal determinants like birth weight, length, and gestational age, which may establish biological pathways to stunting. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between adverse birth history and stunting incidence among toddlers aged 12–60 months. Methods: A case-control design was employed, retrospectively comparing 63 stunted children (cases) with 63 non-stunted controls matched by age and location. Data were extracted from perinatal records (2019–2023) and analyzed for birth weight, length, and preterm status. Results: The study revealed significant differences in birth history between stunted and non-stunted toddlers. The case group showed higher prevalence of low birth weight (36.5% vs 12.7%), short birth length (60.3% vs 39.1%), and preterm birth (36.5% vs 14.3%) compared to controls. All three birth parameters demonstrated substantial disparities between groups, with the case group consistently exhibiting worse outcomes across all measured indicators. Conclusion: Intrauterine growth restriction, maternal malnutrition, and premature delivery are stronger predictors of stunting than postnatal factors alone. Prevention strategies must prioritize early interventions during the first 1,000 days, including prenatal nutritional supplementation and fetal growth monitoring, supported by policy reforms integrating birth history into surveillance systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Afrina Aulia Sari, Adriana Palimbo, Novalia Widiya Ningrum, Desilestia Dwi Salmarini, Raudhatul Jannah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Association between maternal age, nutritional status, and toddler stunting
Background: Stunting remains a major public health issue in Indonesia, with Central Kalimantan reporting prevalence rates higher than the national. Maternal risk factors—particularly age at pregnancy and nutritional status—are known contributors to stunting, yet their direct influence in regional contexts remains underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between maternal age and maternal nutritional status during pregnancy with the incidence of stunting among toddlers. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analytic study was conducted from August to October 2024, involving 83 toddlers selected via purposive sampling from a population of 481 registered at the health center. Data were collected from maternal and child health handbooks (KIA), focusing on maternal age at pregnancy, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and toddler height-for-age z-scores. Chi-square tests were performed to assess associations between maternal variables and stunting, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: The majority of mothers were aged 20–35 years (74.7%) and had normal nutritional status (72.3%). The prevalence of toddler stunting was 26.5%. A statistically significant association was found between maternal chronic energy deficiency (CED; MUAC < 23.5 cm) and toddler stunting (p < 0.001), with 87% of children born to CED mothers being stunted. However, maternal age showed no significant correlation with stunting (p = 0.970). Conclusion: Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, specifically CED, is significantly associated with toddler stunting, underscoring the need for targeted maternal nutrition interventions. Maternal age alone was not a significant factor in this cohort, suggesting other confounders may influence child growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Meidiantri, Adriana Palimbo, Desilestia Dwi Salmarini, Zulliati Salmarini, Raudhatul Jannah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Assosiation of maternal factors on stunting incidence in toddlers at Cempaka Inpatient Health Center, Banjarbaru
Background: Stunting is a serious public health issue that affects children's physical and cognitive development, leading to long-term economic consequences. Despite various interventions, stunting prevalence remains high in Indonesia, particularly in areas with limited access to nutrition and healthcare. Maternal factors, including maternal age, nutritional status during pregnancy, and maternal height, are believed to play a crucial role in stunting incidence among children. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between maternal age during pregnancy, nutritional status based on mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and maternal height with stunting incidence in toddlers in the working area of Cempaka Inpatient Health Center, Banjarbaru. Method: A case-control study design was employed, involving 212 mothers with toddlers, divided into 106 cases (stunted toddlers) and 106 controls (normal toddlers). Data were collected through structured interviews and anthropometric measurements. The relationship between maternal factors and stunting incidence was analyzed using the Chi-Square test and Odds Ratio (OR) calculations, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The findings revealed a significant association between maternal age and stunting incidence, where mothers of high-risk age (<20 years or >35 years) had 2.950 times higher odds of having stunted children (p=0.003). Maternal nutritional status, measured by MUAC <23.5 cm, was also significantly associated with stunting (OR=2.865; p=0.002). Additionally, maternal height <150 cm increased the risk of stunting by 3.143 times compared to mothers with a height ≥150 cm (p=0.001). Conclusion: Maternal factors, including age, nutritional status during pregnancy, and height, significantly contribute to stunting incidence. Strengthening maternal health interventions focusing on adequate nutrition and optimal pregnancy planning is crucial to preventing stunting from an early stage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Indah Octaviani, Adriana Palimbo, Susanti Suhartati, Fitri Yuliana, Raudhatul Jannah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improving the knowledge women of reproductive age about contraception through use of Klik KB
Background: Family planning is a vital public health initiative aimed at enhancing reproductive health and ensuring sustainable population growth. Despite advancements, knowledge gaps persist, particularly in underserved areas, leading to misconceptions about contraceptive methods. Klik KB, a mobile application by BKKBN, has shown potential in improving contraceptive knowledge, yet its utilization remains limited. Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Klik KB application in improving contraceptive knowledge among women of reproductive age. Method: A pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was employed, involving 30 women aged 15–49 years. Participants completed a structured questionnaire before and after guided use of the Klik KB application. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The mean knowledge score significantly increased from 80.32 (SD = 11.82) pretest to 88.17 (SD = 8.74) posttest (p = 0.013). The proportion of participants with good knowledge rose from 70% to 93.3%, while no respondents remained in the poor knowledge category after the intervention. Conclusion: The Klik KB application effectively improves contraceptive knowledge among women of reproductive age, highlighting its potential as a digital tool for enhancing reproductive health education and outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nabilla Salsa Aryvia, Nita Hestiyana, Dede Mahdiyah, Nur Lathifah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Methods in health research: Probability and non-probability sampling
Background: Sampling is a crucial step in health research that directly affects internal and external validity. Selecting the appropriate sampling technique minimizes bias and enhances population representativeness. Objective: To review the concepts, types, strengths, limitations, and applications of probability and non-probability sampling techniques in health research. Discussion: Probability sampling, such as simple random, systematic, stratified, cluster, and multistage, provides equal selection chances for all population members, enabling precise parameter estimation and robust inferential statistical analysis. It is ideal for national disease prevalence surveys, population-based program evaluations, or large-scale clinical trials. Non-probability sampling, including convenience, purposive, quota, and snowball, is faster, cost-effective, and useful for accessing hidden populations, such as marginalized groups or individuals with sensitive health conditions, although it limits result generalizability. Method selection should consider research objectives, population characteristics, available resources, ethics, and the type of data required. In certain contexts, combining both approaches can leverage quantitative rigor with qualitative depth. Conclusion: No single sampling technique is universally superior. Probability sampling is best suited for large-scale quantitative studies or when precise population estimates are required. Non-probability sampling is appropriate for exploratory studies, hard-to-reach populations, or when resources are limited. Combining both approaches can yield qualitatively rich yet quantitatively valid data, strengthening the evidence base for decision-making in health research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bayu Hari Mukti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sample size determination: Principles and applications for health research
Background: Determining an appropriate sample size is a crucial aspect of research design, ensuring validity, reliability, and generalizability of findings. An inadequate sample size increases the risk of Type II errors, while an excessively large sample may lead to resource inefficiencies and a higher likelihood of Type I errors. Understanding the principles of sample size determination, including statistical power, confidence levels, and margin of error, is essential for producing accurate and meaningful research outcomes. Objective: This review explores the principles of sample size determination, calculation methods for various research designs, and practical applications. It also discusses challenges in determining the optimal sample size and examines international guidelines, such as those issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), to enhance the accuracy and credibility of research findings. Discussion: Sample size determination varies depending on research design, including surveys, experiments, and clinical trials. This review highlights key statistical considerations such as confidence intervals, statistical power, and the role of design effects. Additionally, practical challenges such as resource constraints, parameter misestimation, and population diversity are discussed. Technological advancements, including statistical software, are also examined for their role in improving sample size calculations and research efficiency. Conclusion: Adhering to established principles and leveraging modern tools for sample size determination enables researchers to optimize study designs and enhance the validity of findings. Implementing international guidelines minimizes bias and ensures the robustness of results. Ultimately, accurate sample size estimation contributes to high-quality scientific studies that support evidence-based decision-making and progress across various disciplines.
Breast cancer screening in postpartum mother: A literature review
Background: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women, with early detection playing a critical role in improving outcomes. Postpartum mothers face unique challenges related to breast cancer screening due to physiological changes in breast tissue, lactation, and competing demands of infant care. Objective: This literature review explores breast cancer screening practices in postpartum mothers, identifies barriers and facilitators, and proposes strategies to improve screening uptake during this critical period. Method: A narrative review was conducted by analyzing studies from peer-reviewed journals. Articles were selected based on their relevance to breast cancer screening, postpartum mothers, and early detection methods. The data were synthesized to highlight key findings, identify gaps, and provide actionable insights. Results: Postpartum mothers experience significant barriers to breast cancer screening, including hormonal changes, lactation-related conditions, and limited awareness. Physiological remodeling of breast tissue can obscure early symptoms, delaying diagnosis. Despite these challenges, self-breast examination (BSE) and acupressure are effective techniques for early detection and breast health improvement. Studies show that BSE reduces mortality by up to 20%, while targeted acupressure enhances lactation and breast tissue awareness. Healthcare provider interventions, such as counseling and education during postpartum visits, improve screening adherence. Conclusion: Breast cancer screening during the postpartum period is essential yet underutilized. Tailored education and integrated care approaches are critical to overcoming barriers and enhancing awareness among postpartum mothers. Further research should explore innovative technologies and interventions to optimize early detection in this population.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dwi Rahmawati, Dwi Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of warm compresses on the incidence of perineal rupture in phase II labor
Background: Perineal rupture is a common complication during the second stage of labor, particularly among primiparous women, leading to maternal morbidity. Warm compresses have been suggested as an intervention to reduce perineal rupture by promoting muscle relaxation and elasticity. However, their effectiveness remains inconclusive. Objective: To analyze the effect of warm compress application on the incidence of perineal rupture during the second stage of labor in primiparous women. Method: This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test and post-test design involving 10 primiparous women at 18 to 29 years old divided into intervention (n=5) and control (n=5) groups. Warm compresses were applied for 20 minutes during the second stage of labor in the intervention group. Data were collected using partograph sheets and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with a significance level of p<0.05. Result: Among the intervention group, 40% experienced no laceration, 20% had first-degree laceration, and 40% had second-degree laceration. In the control group, 40% had no laceration, and 60% suffered second-degree laceration. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the incidence of perineal rupture between the groups (p=0.452). Conclusion: Warm compresses did not significantly reduce the incidence of perineal rupture during the second stage of labor. Further research with a larger sample size and broader variables is recommended to validate these findings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Selvia, Sismeri Dona, M. Fajriannor, Lisda Handayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Husband support, compliance in consuming Fe tablets and incident of anemia in pregnant women
Background: Anemia in pregnancy, particularly iron deficiency anemia, is a major public health concern with significant maternal and fetal implications. In Indonesia, anemia prevalence among pregnant women remains high, largely influenced by insufficient iron supplementation compliance and limited support systems. Husband support has been identified as a critical factor influencing maternal health behaviors, including compliance with consuming iron (Fe) tablets. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between husband support, compliance in consuming Fe tablets, and the incidence of anemia among pregnant women. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 33 third-trimester pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire to assess husband support and maternal compliance with Fe tablet consumption. Hemoglobin levels were extracted from maternal health records. Statistical analysis included univariate and bivariate tests using the Fisher Exact Test and Chi-Square Test. Result: The study found significant relationships between husband support and anemia (p = 0.035) and between compliance with Fe tablet consumption and anemia (p < 0.001). Pregnant women with good husband support were less likely to experience anemia (6.1%) compared to those with poor support (18.2%). Similarly, none of the compliant participants developed anemia, while 24.2% of non-compliant women were anemic. Conclusion: Husband support and compliance with Fe tablet consumption are key factors in reducing anemia among pregnant women. Interventions should focus on enhancing spousal involvement and promoting adherence to iron supplementation to improve maternal and fetal health outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizka Novia Rhamadayanti , Adriana, Latifah, Umi Hanik Fetriyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of consuming dates in increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia
Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a major global health issue, affecting maternal and fetal outcomes. It is often caused by iron deficiency due to increased physiological demands and inadequate nutritional intake. Dietary interventions, including consuming dates (Phoenix dactylifera), are gaining attention as complementary strategies to address this issue. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of consuming dates in improving hemoglobin levels among pregnant women with anemia. Method: A quasi-experimental study with a one-group pre-test and post-test design was conducted. Twenty-two anemic pregnant women from the Tanjung Aru Public Health Center participated, consuming seven tamr dates (approximately 100 g) daily for 14 days. Hemoglobin levels were measured pre- and post-intervention using the Point of Care Testing (POCT) method. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests to determine statistical significance. Results: Before the intervention, 68.2% of participants had mild anemia, and 31.8% had moderate anemia, with no cases of normal hemoglobin levels. Post-intervention, 45.4% of participants achieved normal hemoglobin levels, while cases of mild and moderate anemia decreased to 36.4% and 18.2%, respectively. The mean hemoglobin level increased significantly from 13.81 g/dL pre-intervention to 14.62 g/dL post-intervention (p = 0.013). Conclusion: Consuming dates effectively improved hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia, offering a promising, culturally appropriate dietary intervention. Further research with larger populations is recommended to validate these findings and explore long-term outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Aini Nurdin, Meldawati, Frani Mariana, Putri Darsono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Association between breast care knowledge and smooth breast milk production in post-caesarean mothers
Background: Sectio caesarean (SC) is increasingly common, with significant challenges for breastfeeding due to factors like postoperative pain and mobility limitations. Proper breast care can support milk production, yet many mothers lack adequate knowledge about its importance and techniques. Understanding the relationship between breast care knowledge and breastfeeding outcomes in post-SC mothers is critical to improving maternal and child health. Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between breast care knowledge and smooth breast milk production among post-SC mothers. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 30 post-SC mothers at Ibunda Mother and Child Hospitals, Tanah Laut, from September to November 2023. Participants were selected through accidental sampling. Data on breast care knowledge and milk production were collected using validated instruments and analyzed using chi-square tests. Results: Most respondents had sufficient breast care knowledge (73%), and 90% reported smooth breast milk production. However, no significant association was found between breast care knowledge and milk production (p = 0.78). This indicates that while knowledge is vital, other factors such as psychological and physiological conditions also play a role. Conclusion: Although most participants demonstrated good knowledge and milk production, this study highlights that breastfeeding success is multifactorial, requiring holistic approaches that address physical, psychological, and social dimensions. Integrating education with practical support could enhance breastfeeding outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hellis Tria Agustin, Dwi Rahmawati, Eirene Eunika Meidiana Gaghauna, Siti Noor Hasanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Association of millennial parenting styles, dietary and the incidence of stunting
Background: Stunng, a chronic nutrional issue among toddlers, connues to be a global and naonal public health concern. It reflects the cumulave effects of inadequate nutrion and poor parenng pracces. Millennial parenng styles and dietary habits play a pivotal role in influencing stunng outcomes, parcularly in regions like Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Objective: This study aims to analyze the correlaon between millennial parenng styles, dietary paerns, and stunng incidence among toddlers in the Pekauman Health Center area. Methods: A cross-seconal study was conducted in May 2024 involving 127 toddlers aged 2–5 years and their parents. Data were collected using height measurements and validated quesonnaires on parenng styles and dietary pracces. Chi-square tests were employed to analyze relaonships, with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: The study revealed that 64.6% of toddlers were stunted. Among parents, 61.4% exhibited a "less" effecve parenng style, and 61.4% provided diets that did not meet nutrional recommendaons. Significant associaons were found between parenng styles,dietary paerns, and stunng incidence (p < 0.001). Poor parenng pracces and inadequate diets were idenfied as crical factors contribung to stunng. Conclusion: Millennial parenng styles and dietary pracces significantly influence stunng incidence. Intervenons to improve parental knowledge and dietary pracces are essenal for addressing stunng in toddlers. Future research should explore innovave strategies, including digital plaorms, to enhance parental engagement and nutrion educaon
Copyright (c) 2025 Nana Silpia, Adriana Palimbo, Yayuk Puji Lestari, Desilestia Dwi Salmarini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Unmet need in fertile age couples based on PK-21 data at stunting locus in Tapin Regency
Background: Unmet need for family planning remains a significant public health issue, particularly in regions with high population growth and stunting prevalence. Tapin Regency in South Kalimantan Province experiences challenges in achieving family planning targets, with unmet need contributing to elevated fertility rates and population growth. Objective: This study aims to analyze the unmet need for family planning among fertile age couples in stunting locus sub-districts of Tapin Regency, focusing on the distribution of unmet need for spacing and limiting, and identifying potential areas for targeted intervention. Method: A descriptive survey design was employed using secondary data from the PK-21 (Pendataan Keluarga 2021 [En: Family Cencus – 2021]) database provided by the National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN). The study analyzed data from 12 sub-districts identified as stunting loci in Tapin Regency. The data included total unmet need, unmet need for spacing, and unmet need for limiting, which were quantitatively processed and presented as percentages. Results: The analysis revealed that the total unmet need in Tapin Regency reached 9.5%. The unmet need for limiting (65.1%) was significantly higher than for spacing (34.8%). Among the sub-districts, Binuang recorded the highest total unmet need (19.2%), while South Candi Laras had the lowest (3.5%). Sub-districts with higher unmet need were found to have greater challenges in family planning program implementation, necessitating targeted interventions. Conclusion: Unmet need for limiting dominates the family planning challenges in Tapin Regency, particularly in sub-districts with high fertility rates. Addressing these unmet needs requires tailored strategies, including enhancing awareness, accessibility, and cultural sensitivity of family planning programs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adriana Palimbo, Leny Marlena, Redjeki Dwi Sogi Sri, M S M O Siska Selvija Tambun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Social support for parents of children with leukemia
Background: The prevalence of children with leukemia tends to increase. Leukemia treatment requires a long period of time which has physical, psychological and social impacts on children and parents which affect their quality of life. Social support obtained protects parents in facing times of stress. Objective: To determine social support for parents who have children with leukemia. Method: Quantitative research type. The research sample consisted of 30 respondents taken using convenient sampling techniques. Data collection instrument using a questionnaire. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics. Results: The majority of parents who have children with leukemia are over 35 years old (73.3%), have elementary education (43.3%), work as housewives (53.3%), and most parental category is mothers (80.0%). Mean value of social support (66.43), highest social support category (76.7%). Social support questionnaire items are highest in the family dimension of form of emotional support and lowest form of emotional support. Friend dimension is lowest form of instrumental support and highest form of emotional support. The dimension of closest person is the highest form of emotional support and lowest is the form of instrumental support. Conclusion: Social support from family, friends, and close people is needed for parents who have children with leukemia. Because it can provide positive energy for parents and children, the attention, security, and comfort provided can increase their confidence. Recommendations for friends and parents to provide instrumental support in form of being ready to help parents who have children with leukemia when experiencing difficulties both facilities and material.
Copyright (c) 2025 Putri Carolin, Umi Hanik Fetriyah, Adriana Palimbo, Rifa'atul Mahmudah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Relationship between maternal knowledge and compliance with measles-rubella immunization
Background: Measles and Rubella are significant health threats to children, which can be prevented through immunization. Despite the availability of the Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccine, its coverage remains insufficient. Lack of maternal knowledge is a major factor contributing to non-compliance with the vaccination schedule. Objective: This study aims to assess the relationship between maternal knowledge and compliance with MR immunization for children under two years old. Method: A quantitative study with a descriptive analysis was conducted, involving 34 mothers with children aged 24-36 months at Long Kali Community Health Center. The total sampling method was used, and data were collected through a validated Guttman-scale questionnaire. Chi-square tests were employed to analyze the relationship between maternal knowledge and immunization compliance. Result: The study found that a significant proportion of mothers had poor knowledge (55.9%) about MR immunization. Furthermore, 70.6% of mothers were non-compliant with the MR immunization schedule. A significant association was identified between maternal knowledge and immunization compliance (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal knowledge significantly influences compliance with the MR immunization schedule. Efforts to increase awareness and understanding of MR immunization are crucial to improve vaccine uptake and protect children from preventable diseases.
Maternal knowledge and measles-rubella immunization compliance
Factors affecting MR vaccine uptake in children
Measles-rubella vaccine schedule adherence
Impact of maternal education on immunization rates
Strategies to improve MR vaccine coverage
Copyright (c) 2025 Maryati, Desilestia Dwi Salmarini, Putri Darsono, Hairiana Kusvitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of Citronella oil aromatherapy in enhancing appetite among stunted toddlers
Background: Stunting is a major public health concern, affecting millions of children worldwide, particularly in Indonesia, where 27.7% of children under five are affected. Poor appetite is a common issue among stunted children, contributing to malnutrition. Citronella oil, known for its appetite-stimulating properties, offers a potential intervention. Objective: To measure the effect of citronella oil aromatherapy on appetite in stunted toddlers. Method: A one-group pretest-posttest design was employed, involving 33 stunted toddler and parents at Long Kali Community Health Center. Appetite was assessed using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) before and after exposure to citronella oil. Paired t-tests were used to analyze the data, with significance set at p < 0.05. Result: The results showed a significant improvement in appetite after the intervention, with the mean CEBQ score increasing from 23.76 to 60.45 (p < 0.001). Prior to the intervention, 81.8% of toddlers exhibited poor appetite, but post-intervention, 81.8% demonstrated good appetite. These findings suggest that Citronella oil aromatherapy is an effective method for stimulating appetite in stunted toddlers. The aroma activates the olfactory system, positively influencing the brain's limbic system, which regulates appetite and emotions. Conclusion: The statistically significant improvements highlight the potential for integrating Citronella oil into nutritional interventions for stunted children, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of aromatherapy as a complementary approach to addressing malnutrition and poor appetite in pediatric populations.
Natural remedies for toddler malnutrition
Improving toddler appetite with aromatherapy
Stunting intervention with essential oils
Copyright (c) 2025 Kasmirah, Zulliati, Hairiana Kusvitasari, Putri Yuliantie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Optimization of basic immunization coverage at Paku Alam
Background: Immunization plays a vital role in preventing infectious diseases, significantly reducing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Indonesia's national immunization program has been in place since 1956, focusing on vulnerable groups such as infants and pregnant women. However, despite these efforts, immunization rates in Paku Alam Village, South Kalimantan, remain suboptimal, with 90% of the target population yet to complete basic immunization in 2023. Factors contributing to this gap include misinformation, vaccine hesitancy, and low health literacy among the population. Case presentation: In Paku Alam Village, only 27 out of the 30 targeted children for the 2023 immunization program received partial immunizations, with none completing the full schedule by mid-year. Misinformation spread via social media, coupled with fears about vaccine side effects, has fueled parental reluctance to immunize. Midwives and healthcare workers have struggled to combat these challenges due to a lack of effective communication tools and deep-rooted distrust in the healthcare system. Discussion: Addressing the immunization gap in Paku Alam Village requires a multifaceted approach, including educational interventions tailored to parents. These interventions should include visual aids, interactive discussions, and community-based outreach to improve vaccine knowledge and trust. Additional strategies like offering incentives, collaborating with early childhood education centers, and strengthening healthcare worker training are also critical. Building trust through culturally appropriate messaging from trusted community leaders is essential to overcoming vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion: The immunization program in Paku Alam Village faces challenges rooted in low parental knowledge and the spread of misinformation. However, targeted health education, collaboration between healthcare workers, schools, and community leaders, and incentivization strategies can improve immunization coverage. A comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach is required to meet the village's immunization goals.
Copyright (c) 2024 Siti Noor Hasanah, Ika Friscila, Rabia Wahdah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effective stunting prevention: Empowering maternal nutrition education in rural Indonesia through AKUR PENTING intervention
Background: Stunting remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in rural regions such as Bangun Harjo Village, Central Kalimantan. Stunting affects not only physical growth but also cognitive development, leading to long-term impacts on productivity, health, and quality of life. Despite various government interventions, stunting continues to prevail due to poor maternal nutrition knowledge, inadequate feeding practices, and socio-economic challenges. Case presentation: In Bangun Harjo Village, high stunting rates among toddlers are largely attributed to improper complementary feeding (MPASI) and limited maternal understanding of nutrition. The Kupang Island Health Center initiated a community service intervention called "AKUR PENTING" (Stunting Prevention Kitchen Action) aimed at educating postpartum mothers and mothers of toddlers about proper feeding practices using locally available, nutrient-rich foods. The program included cooking demonstrations, distribution of educational materials, and active involvement of local healthcare workers. Discussion: The intervention significantly improved maternal knowledge about nutrition, with participants showing enthusiasm and engagement in learning how to prepare balanced meals. However, sustained behavior change and addressing broader socio-economic issues such as poverty and food insecurity remain challenges. Community-based interventions, combined with government support and policies, are critical to ensuring long-term success in reducing stunting. Conclusion: The AKUR PENTING intervention demonstrated the importance of maternal education and community engagement in stunting prevention. While the program successfully increased awareness and practical skills, comprehensive, multi-sectoral efforts are necessary to address the root causes of stunting, including socio-economic disparities and food insecurity.
Copyright (c) 2024 Putri Yuliantie, Novalia Widiya Ningrum, Istiqamah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Healthy lifestyle for women of childbearing age
Background: Maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy is a key determinant of pregnancy outcomes and long-term health for both mother and child. The preconception period is crucial for improving maternal well-being and reducing risks such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental issues. However, many women of childbearing age (WCA) lack adequate nutritional knowledge, increasing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Case presentation: In collaboration with the Terminal Health Center, a program was implemented to educate WCA on the importance of balanced nutrition and healthy lifestyles to prepare for pregnancy. Activities included a field survey to assess nutritional knowledge, educational outreach through information sessions and leaflets, and monitoring and evaluation of participants' knowledge improvement. Participants actively engaged in discussions, revealing prior gaps in understanding balanced nutrition and its role in pregnancy preparation. Discussion: The preconception period presents an optimal window for nutritional interventions. Addressing micronutrient deficiencies and promoting healthier diets can reduce the risk of complications such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. The program demonstrated that educational interventions delivered through community-based healthcare centers can significantly enhance awareness and encourage long-term behavioral changes, ultimately contributing to better maternal and child health outcomes. Conclusion: This intervention successfully increased nutritional literacy among WCA, emphasizing the importance of balanced nutrition in preparing for pregnancy. Cross-sectoral collaborations between healthcare providers and community leaders are essential to sustain these efforts and improve maternal and child health outcomes. Future programs should focus on expanding outreach and continuous evaluation to maintain positive behavioral changes.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nita Hestiyana, Nurul Hidayah, Fadhiyah Noor Anisa, Zulliati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Lactation preparation for pregnant women to prevent stunting
Background: Stunting, caused by chronic malnutrition during a child's first 1000 days, remains a pressing public health issue in Indonesia. Affecting one in three children under five, stunting hampers physical growth and cognitive development, posing long-term socio-economic risks. The Indonesian government has introduced strategies focusing on maternal and child health, particularly through improving nutrition and healthcare access. However, rural areas face challenges like limited healthcare services and inadequate nutrition education. Case presentation: This program was implemented in Sungai Tabuk, a rural village with high stunting prevalence. The program aimed to educate pregnant women on lactation management and breastfeeding to improve early infant nutrition. Village cadres facilitated pregnancy classes that combined education with hands-on breastfeeding practice. Pre-intervention tests indicated substantial gaps in knowledge, especially about exclusive breastfeeding, while post-intervention assessments showed marked improvements in participants' understanding and skills. Discussion: The involvement of cadres was instrumental in ensuring community participation and sustained educational outcomes. Post-program evaluations revealed that 93% of participants demonstrated improved lactation knowledge and breastfeeding techniques. This highlights the effectiveness of educational interventions in increasing maternal competence, which can lead to better child health outcomes and stunting reduction. However, the program’s short duration and exclusion of other key family members, such as fathers and grandparents, were noted limitations. Conclusion: The program successfully enhanced maternal knowledge and breastfeeding practices as part of stunting prevention efforts. While the results are promising, ongoing support, inclusion of broader family members, and integration with other socioeconomic interventions are necessary for long-term success in reducing stunting in rural communities.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nurul Hidayah, Yuni Riska Nur Fariana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ethnobotanical studies of medicinal plants in Borneo
Borneo's rich biodiversity and long-standing traditions of plant-based healing offer a unique convergence of ethnobotany and pharmaceutical research. This review explores the medicinal plants used by indigenous communities in Borneo, emphasizing their role in traditional medicine and their potential for modern pharmaceutical applications. By documenting indigenous knowledge, we highlight key species with proven bioactive properties and examine the growing scientific evidence supporting their efficacy in treating conditions such as inflammation, infection, and chronic diseases. Moreover, we address the challenges of integrating indigenous knowledge with modern scientific research, particularly regarding intellectual property rights, sustainability, and the ethical implications of benefit-sharing. Emerging technologies such as metabolomics, genomics, and artificial intelligence are revolutionizing the field of ethnopharmacology, enabling more efficient identification of bioactive compounds and promoting sustainable harvesting practices. This review calls for increased interdisciplinary collaboration to bridge the gap between traditional medicine and pharmaceutical innovation, as well as the urgent need for conservation efforts to protect Borneo’s biodiversity and indigenous knowledge systems. Ultimately, the future of ethnopharmaceutical research in Borneo represents not only an opportunity for drug discovery but also a critical pathway for preserving cultural heritage and advancing sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2024 Bayu Hari Mukti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Health monitoring before and after independent learning during the pandemic
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted educational practices globally, including Indonesia's Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program, which emphasizes real-world learning experiences. Health monitoring became a crucial aspect of student safety during MBKM activities, particularly in community settings. This report examines the health protocols implemented by Universitas Sari Mulia during a humanitarian mission in response to the South Kalimantan floods amidst the pandemic. Case presentation: Sari Mulia University deployed 327 students to assist in four sub-districts affected by floods. To prevent the spread of COVID-19, pre-deployment health protocols included rapid antigen testing, which identified five asymptomatic positive cases requiring isolation. After completing the two-month MBKM program, students were tested again, revealing seven additional cases, including one with moderate symptoms, while others were either mild or asymptomatic. Discussion: The university's health monitoring protocols, including pre- and post-deployment testing, isolation, and symptom-based treatments, significantly minimized virus transmission. The importance of early detection and close monitoring of asymptomatic individuals is emphasized, as undetected cases could contribute to community transmission. Additionally, the program highlights the necessity of integrating health education into MBKM activities to ensure students understand preventive health measures. Conclusion: Universitas Sari Mulia successfully implemented comprehensive health monitoring during its MBKM program, protecting both students and the communities they served. This case underscores the need for ongoing health vigilance, education, and institutional collaboration to safely conduct off-campus learning during the pandemic. These practices serve as a model for future MBKM programs across Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lisda Handayani, Susanti Suhartati, Angga Irawan, Muhammad Zulfadhilah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Factors related to the incidence of low birth weight
Background: Low birth weight (LBW) remains a significant concern, particularly for newborn mortality in the neonatal period. It serves as a crucial public health indicator for maternal health, nutrition, access to healthcare services, and poverty. LBW is not solely influenced by pre-pregnancy maternal characteristics, but also by risk factors encountered during pregnancy. Objective: Knowing the factors related to the incidence of low birth weight in laboring mothers. Method: This analytic observational study employed a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 308 mothers giving birth were recruited using purposive sampling at Idaman Hospital, Banjarbaru. Categorical data is systematically presented in a frequency distribution table, and the associations between variables are statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test, utilizing SPSS software for accurate computation and interpretation of results. Results: The results showed that 71.8% of mothers delivering babies were not at risk (20-35 years old), 72.1% were not anemic, 77.3% did not experience pregnancy-induced hypertension, 78.6% did not have premature rupture of membranes and 76% did not deliver LBW babies. Statistical analysis revealed significant relationships between age (p-value = 0.024), anemia (p-value = 0.009), pregnancy-induced hypertension (p-value = 0.014), and premature rupture of membranes (p-value = 0.031) with the incidence of LBW. Conclusion: This study shows the association between age, anemia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and premature rupture of membranes with the incidence of LBW.
Copyright (c) 2024 Maghrisa Rahmadani, Novalia Widiya Ningrum, M Fajriannor TM, Winda Maolinda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of factors related to the high choice of injectable contraceptives by acceptors
Background: Three-monthly injectable contraception is a contraceptive method that works by releasing the hormone progesterone into the bloodstream. The impact of using injectable contraception is that menstrual disorders are often found, and fertility is delayed by four to five months. In 2023, 37.3% of acceptors chose three-monthly contraceptive injections, 18.4% pills, 15.2% implants, 14.2% monthly injections, 8.6% intrauterine device, 6.1% condoms, and tubectomy of 0.4%. Objective: Analysis of factors related to the high choice of injection contraceptives by acceptors. Method: Quantitative analytical survey research with a cross-sectional approach was conducted to assess age groups, education levels, parity, level of knowledge, and attitudes in choosing injectable contraception. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: The largest number of contraceptive acceptors were 20 people of early childbearing age, 26 people with elementary and middle school education, 27 people with multipara, 22 people with good knowledge, and 30 people with a positive attitude. The choice of contraceptive device is related to age (p=0.021), education level (p=0.021), parity (p=0.017), level of knowledge (p=0.009), and attitude (p=0.024) of the acceptor. Conclusion: Age, education level, parity, level of knowledge, and attitudes are factors that influence the choice of injectable contraceptive acceptors.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mandhareta Setyabudhi, Elvine Ivana Kabuhung, Iwan Nuwindry, Novita Dewi Iswandari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0