Social support for parents of children with leukemia
Dukungan sosial bagi orang tua anak penderita leukemia
Keywords:
Social support, Parents, Children with leukemia, Emotional support, Instrumental supportAbstract
Latar Belakang: Prevalensi anak dengan leukemia cenderung meningkat. Pengobatan leukemia membutuhkan waktu yang lama sehingga memberikan dampak fisik, psikologis, dan sosial baik pada anak maupun orang tua, yang memengaruhi kualitas hidup mereka. Dukungan sosial yang diperoleh melindungi orang tua dalam menghadapi masa-masa stres.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui dukungan sosial pada orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan leukemia.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 30 responden yang diambil menggunakan teknik convenient sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif.
Hasil: Mayoritas orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan leukemia berusia di atas 35 tahun (73,3%), memiliki pendidikan sekolah dasar (43,3%), bekerja sebagai ibu rumah tangga (53,3%), dan sebagian besar kategori orang tua adalah ibu (80,0%). Nilai rata-rata dukungan sosial adalah 66,43, dengan kategori dukungan sosial tertinggi sebesar 76,7%. Item kuesioner dukungan sosial tertinggi terdapat pada dimensi keluarga dalam bentuk dukungan emosional, sedangkan terendah adalah bentuk dukungan emosional. Pada dimensi teman, bentuk dukungan instrumental adalah yang terendah dan bentuk dukungan emosional adalah yang tertinggi. Pada dimensi orang terdekat, bentuk dukungan emosional adalah yang tertinggi, sedangkan dukungan instrumental adalah yang terendah.
Kesimpulan: Dukungan sosial dari keluarga, teman, dan orang terdekat sangat dibutuhkan oleh orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan leukemia. Dukungan ini dapat memberikan energi positif bagi orang tua dan anak, serta perhatian, rasa aman, dan kenyamanan yang diberikan dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan diri mereka. Rekomendasi bagi teman dan keluarga adalah untuk memberikan dukungan instrumental berupa kesiapan membantu orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan leukemia saat menghadapi kesulitan, baik dalam bentuk fasilitas maupun materi.
Background: The prevalence of children with leukemia tends to increase. Leukemia treatment requires a long period of time which has physical, psychological and social impacts on children and parents which affect their quality of life. Social support obtained protects parents in facing times of stress.
Objective: To determine social support for parents who have children with leukemia.
Method: Quantitative research type. The research sample consisted of 30 respondents taken using convenient sampling techniques. Data collection instrument using a questionnaire. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics.
Results: The majority of parents who have children with leukemia are over 35 years old (73.3%), have elementary education (43.3%), work as housewives (53.3%), and most parental category is mothers (80.0%). Mean value of social support (66.43), highest social support category (76.7%). Social support questionnaire items are highest in the family dimension of form of emotional support and lowest form of emotional support. Friend dimension is lowest form of instrumental support and highest form of emotional support. The dimension of closest person is the highest form of emotional support and lowest is the form of instrumental support.
Conclusion: Social support from family, friends, and close people is needed for parents who have children with leukemia. Because it can provide positive energy for parents and children, the attention, security, and comfort provided can increase their confidence. Recommendations for friends and parents to provide instrumental support in form of being ready to help parents who have children with leukemia when experiencing difficulties both facilities and material.
References
Bannon, S. A., Foglesong, J., DiNardo, C. D. (2017). Germline mutations associated with leukemia in childhood: New discoveries and emerging phenotypes. Current Genetic Medicine Reports, 5(2):59-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40142-017-0118-5
Basyuk, N., Gordienko, O., Dmytruk, O., Marushchak, O., & Miroshnychenko, O. (2023). Socio-economic factors of creating the educational environment of a higher education institution as a condition for the formation of professional competencies of future specialists in socionomic professions. Financial and Credit Activity Problems of Theory and Practice, 1(48), 461–472. https://doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.1.48.2023.3950
Boyden, J. Y., Hill, D. L., Carroll, K. W., Morrison, W. E., Miller, V. A., & Feudtner, C. (2020). The association of perceived social support with anxiety over time in parents of children with serious illnesses. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 23(4),527-534. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2019.0387
deSmith, A. J., Lavoie, G., Walsh, K. M., Aujla, S., Evans, E., Hansen, H. M., et al. (2019). Predisposing germline mutations in high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer, 58(10):723-730. https://doi.org/10.1002/GCC.22765
Eilertsen, M. E., Hjemdal, O., Le, T. T., Diseth, T. H., & Reinfjell, T. (2016). Resilience factors play an important role in the mental health of parents when children survive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 105(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13232
Eiser, C., & Upton, P. (2007). Costs of caring for a child with cancer: A questionnaire survey. Child: Care, Health and Development, 33(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00710.x
Gise, J., & Cohen, L. L. (2022). Social Support in parents of children with cancer: A systematic review. In Journal of Pediatric Psychology (Vol. 47, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsab100
Hidayah, N., & Fariana, Y. R. N. (2024). Lactation preparation for pregnant women to prevent stunting. Health Sciences International Journal, 2(2), 169-176. https://hsij.anandafound.com/journal/article/view/42
Kallai, A., Ungvári, U., Fekete, M., Maier, A. B., Mikala, G., Andrikovics, H., & Lehoczki, A. (2024). Genomic instability and genetic heterogeneity in aging: insights from clonal hematopoiesis (CHIP), monoclonal gammopathy (MGUS), and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL). GeroScience, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-024-01374-y
Kartika, L., Ani, M., Mariyana, R., Yudianto, A., Wijayati, S., Sitompul, M., Ulfa, A. F., & Purba, D. H. (2021). Basic pediatric nursing [in Indonesia]. Medan: Penerbit Kita Menulis.
Khalil, M. m., Malik, E. M., Alnair, N. M. A., & Abu, I. I. M. (2019). Factors affecting health seeking behaviors among mothers of under five children attending primary health care centers, Sudan. Science Journal of Public Health, 7(6), 181-186. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20190706.11
Ma, N., Chen, R., Bai, Y., Zhang, W., Chen, Z., Zhou, J., et al. (2024). A longitudinal study on the effects of social support on self-stigma, psychiatric symptoms, and personal and social functioning in community patients with severe mental illnesses in China. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 70(5):957-966. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640241245932
Maharani, K. D., Karini, S. M., & Agustin, R. W. (2015). Case study of the process of achieving happiness in mothers who have biological children with asperger syndrome [in Indonesia]. Jurnal Psikologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret, 7(1),42-56.
Mahayaty, L., Sari, E., Artin, B., Prasetyo, W., & Santiasari, R. N. (2022). Early detection of cancer in children [in Indonesia]. Pelita Abdi Masyarakat, 2(2),69-73.
Nathalia, A., Rahmawati, D., Nastiti, K., & Salmarini, D. D. (2024). Factors influencing the occurrence of exclusive breastfeeding failure in six-month-old infants. Health Sciences International Journal, 2(2), 96-103. https://hsij.anandafound.com/journal/article/view/31
NCI. (2024). Cancer in children and adolescents. National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/child-adolescent-cancers-fact-sheet#how-common-is-cancer-in-children
Nurlina, N., Syam, Y., & Saleh, A. (2021). Effective music therapy for anxiety reduction in cancer patients [in Indonesia]. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v4i2.1938
Nursyamsiyah. (2019). Social support of parents of children with Leukemia. Belitung Nursing Journal, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.792
Putri, E., Khasanah, L., Sari, I. M., Marhamah, L., Rsud, A., Surakarta, M., Ki, J., & Dewantara, H. (2023). Application of music therapy on hemodynamics in children with leukemia in Flamboyan 9 Room, Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital [in Indonesia]. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Dan Gizi (JIG), 1(4).
Rusmiati, T., & Maria, L. (2023). The relationship between family support and motivation of breast cancer patients who have undergone chemotherapy [in Indonesia]. Jurnal Kesehatan Dan Pembangunan, 13(25),159-169. https://doi.org/10.52047/jkp.v13i25.195
Ruhban, I., Szpunar, S., & Anne, P. (2024). Household income disparities in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia incidence and mortality: A US population-based analysis between 2000 and 2020. MI Medical Education and Health Bulletin, 1(2 (supplement)):A111. https://doi.org/10.69735/001c.121525
Sakinah, N. (2018). Social support for parents who have children with cerebral palsy [in Indonesia]. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v6i2.4557
Siyoto, S., & Sodik, A. (2015). Basic Research Methodology [in Indonesia]. Literasi Media Publishing.
Shaw, A., Scharkow, M., & Wang, Z. J. (2021). Opening a conversation on open communication research. Journal of Communication. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqab033
Shettima, F. B. ., Wakil, M. A. ., Rabbebe, I. B. ., Kudale, H. A. ., & Pindar, S. K. . (2022). The relationship between social support, internalized stigma of mental illness and recovery attitude among patients with schizophrenia in Maiduguri. American Journal of Psychology, 4(1), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.47672/ajp.1004
Sugiyono. (2016). Quantitative, qualitative and R & D Research Methods [in Indonesia]. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Umar, N. F. A., Sumi, S. S., & Uchira. (2022). The relationship between social support and resilience of parents with children with leukemia [in Indonesia]. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa & Penelitian Keperawatan, 1.
Utami, K. C., & Puspita, L. M. (2020). Cancer at Bali Children's Cancer Care Foundation [in Indoneisa]. Community of Publishing In Nursing, 8(2).
Walsh, K. (2024). The emergence of clonal hematopoiesis as a disease determinant. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 134(19): e180063. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI180063.
Wheeler, D. C., Boyle, J., Carli, M., Ward, M. H., & Metayer, C. (2023). Neighborhood deprivation, indoor chemical concentrations, and spatial risk for childhood leukemia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043582
WHO. 2017. The WHO STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance. Geneva: WHO. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/ncds/ncd-surveillance/steps/steps-manual.pdf?sfvrsn=c281673d_10
Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2009). Discrimination and racial disparities in health: Evidence and needed research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0.
Zhang, X., Wang, X., Wang, H., He, X., and Wang, X. (2022). Stigmatization and Social Support of Pregnant Women With HIV or Syphilis in Eastern China: A Mixed-Method Study. Front. Public Health 10:764203. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.764203
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Putri Carolin, Umi Hanik Fetriyah, Adriana Palimbo, Rifa'atul Mahmudah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Health Sciences International Journal (HSIJ) © 2023 by Ananda Health and Education Foundation is licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
